David Rigg
Industry Trends David Rigg

Why is Natural Blue Such a Challenging Color?

A few years ago, Sensient R&D teams developed an answer to one of the “holy grails” in natural food colors when they developed heat-stable red vegetable juice that we call SupraRed™.

It was a significant technical breakthrough that solved stability issues for many of our customers in baking, frying, plant-based meat, extrusion, and dairy applications. Today many customers continue to issue us a new challenge: develop a pH- and heat-stable natural blue that is also cost effective. In other words, the market is asking for a truly heat-stable blue and a broadly pH-stable blue sourced naturally.

blue drink, candy and desserts

Butterfly Pea Flower Extract

Sensient’s Astral Purple™, which is sourced from butterfly pea flower extract, is another blue anthocyanin that has much greater pH stability than most others but is still purple in the very low pH range.

Spirulina

Spirulina, which contains the blue phycocyanin pigment, produces beautiful blue shades, but the natural color is extremely heat- and pH-sensitive as well.

Gardenia

Gardenia is a bold botanical blue with strong stability but is only approved in limited applications by the FDA.

Huito

Finally, while huito has acceptable heat- and pH-stability, the color still faces legal and supply chain issues.

These realities explain why delivering a commercially viable natural blue food color that is both a heat-stable blue and a pH-stable blue remains a specialized technical target.

blue shelled candy and blue sports drink
pie chart

Why Did Blue Burst onto the Scene?

According to food lore, the invention of the “blue raspberry” flavor by Gold Medal in the late 1950’s marks the introduction of blue food color into the mainstream. However, when the FDA removed Red 2 (Amaranth) from the list of permitted color additives for food, it led to many in the frozen beverage and frozen novelty markets struggling to differentiate strawberry from raspberry and cherry. A bright blue flavor stands out from the other reds and pinks already on shelf, and blue raspberry is a whimsical addition to beverages and confections.

However, establishing a consistent natural blue food colorant that behaves like certified lakes and dyes remains complex. While natural blue will likely never be a large part of the food color landscape, it nonetheless plays a critical role in select categories like performance beverage and confections. Solving one of the obvious gaps in natural color performance is a high priority at Sensient, especially for a heat-stable blue and a pH-stable blue that can function as a reliable natural blue food coloring.

We believe that consumers don’t want to sacrifice and that by using a combination of natural color technologies, food manufacturers will be able to deliver to consumers a “no sacrifice” experience.

Our R&D team is making significant and exciting progress on truly pH- and heat-stable natural blues. While we aren’t quite ready to announce anything just yet, I am confident Sensient will be doing so in the near future. If you want to learn more about our latest innovations in natural blue food color, please reach out to us. We love to share our color knowledge!

Request a sample or consult today.

 

Answers to Common Questions About Natural Blue

What foods naturally contain blue pigments?

Some microalgae provide phycocyanin (from spirulina), and butterfly pea flowers contain anthocyanins that can present a vivid blue under certain conditions. Gardenia is also a bold blue botanical approved by the FDA for select applications. Specialized fruit and vegetable extracts are also used in commercial formulations.

Which blue colorants are considered cleaner-label options?

Plant- and algae-derived ingredients such as spirulina extract (phycocyanin) and butterfly pea flower extract or gardenia are commonly cited cleaner-label choices. Performance can vary with processing, acidity, and exposure to light.

Are there truly natural blue options available on the market?

Yes. Several suppliers offer naturally derived blue colorants, including phycocyanin from spirulina, butterfly pea flower extracts, gardenia blue, and other botanical blends designed to improve hue, stability, and application range.

What factors affect the stability of natural blue colors?

pH, heat, light, and oxygen can influence shade and longevity. For instance, phycocyanin is sensitive to high heat and low pH, while anthocyanin-based blues shift color with acidity changes.

Can natural blues be used across different applications?

Natural blue colors can be used in beverages, confections, frozen treats, icings, and select bakery or dairy items, depending on the colorant’s stability profile. Product developers often match the color ingredient to the processing and pH requirements of the final product.

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